Blockchain: From Chips to Ships


Q3 2021

26th October | 6 mins

Key takeaways

  • Front of everyone’s mind; the supply chain issues.
  • While the short supply of semiconductors has hamstrung a host of industries; those companies transporting the chips that are enabling our digital revolution have prospered.
  • Maersk has been a beneficiary of this supply chain perfect storm owing to a 500% spike on global container shipping rates and, ultimately its reliance on blockchain technology.
We all remember the enduring image of the Ever Given cargo ship which ran aground in March this year, successfully blocking the Suez Canal for six days.

The event, which was plastered across the front page of every newspaper in the world, wiped an estimated $54 billion in global trade and appears to have acted as a precursor for the current global supply chain issues.

Fast forward five months these supply chain issues have impacted the likes of McDonald’s (milkshakes), Nando’s (chicken), Starbucks (cups & oat milk) and, depending on your lifestyle, most importantly, microchips.

Microchips are more widely known as semiconductors and integrated circuits.

These are core components, essential to almost every electronic item you can think of, from 5G enabled smartphones, to robotics and automation, remote controls and even our cars.

Right now, semiconductors are in short supply and wreaking havoc across industries. The issue centres around a classic case of supply and demand.

These supply side issues were the result of a near-perfect storm; we saw the U.S.-China trade war sanctions result in the latter scrambling to add to its stockpile, while when the Pandemic struck, factories around the world shuttered production: tightening supply even further.

On the demand side, the uncertainty that COVID brought meant that automakers cut back production and the modern car (for example) now requires hundreds to function effectively.

Thus, even as economies gradually reopened, inventories plummeted in Q2 this year as businesses had to plunge deep into their shelves and storerooms to satisfy consumer demand. Fast forward to today and carmakers have “joined the queue” for semiconductor orders, chip makers already have a significant backlog of orders from other companies.

Recently, we saw both auto-behemoths GM and Ford mothballing a number of their U.S. plants due to this same global semiconductor shortage. Further, being relative newcomers to the microprocessor market, automakers don’t have the clout that other buyers have, often leaving them out in the cold when supply dries up.

"MAJOR DISTURBANCES AND UNUSUAL OCCURANCES" ON US GRID
2000 to 2021

“The global economy is not like your car, you can’t turn it off and on and expect it to function smoothly”
-

Brian Wesbury, First Trust Chief Economist

Although this chip shortage has created some near-term headwinds for a whole host of industries, it’s important thematic investors don’t lose sight of the long-term trends in play here.

We believe that these chips could potentially power the next decade of global growth in an increasingly data-driven world, much like oil fuelled the rise of industrial economies in the previous century.

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Whether we’re talking about microchips or potato chips, these events should act as a wake-up call for companies who need to gain a deeper understanding of their supply chains if they aren’t already.

Shipping giant A.P. Moller-Maersk, acutely aware of how fickle “the chain” can be, worked with IBM back in 2016 to leverage blockchain technology to help the company become paperless and digitise the entire industry’s supply chain.

Blockchain, a distributed ledger is perfectly suited for slashing this type of bureaucracy, recording transactions in sequential blocks, creating encrypted data that can be shared between several parties through the supply chain and updating them instantly without risk of fraud.

Maersk tracked a shipment of flowers from Kenya to Rotterdam, which generated dozens of documents and nearly 200 communications across farmers, freight forwarders, land-based transporters, customs brokers, governments, ports and carriers.

Additionally, Maersk appear to be one of the few beneficiaries of the current global supply chain constraints.

Its recent earnings update saw the firm raise profit guidance this year after freight rates soared.

The world’s largest container line added almost $5 billion to the midpoint of its operating profit forecast while revenue grew 58 % to $14.2bn in Q2 this year.

The reason?

A little over a year ago a container (40-foot box) could be shipped from Shanghai to New York at a cost of $2,500, on 24th June we saw that price spike to over $11,000 and now we’ve seen prices reach over $15,000. This represents a climb of over 500% from a year ago (see chart below).

Not many ETFs offer investors exposure to a shipping giant created in 1904 (APM) and a semi-conductor manufacturer providing chips for gamers, streamers and Tesla’s alike (Nvidia).

Thematic investing can help. Blockchain is a foundational technology which straddles sectorial barriers, and therefore requires a thematic strategy that can tap directly into the ways in which businesses are adapting alongside this technology.

Blockchain is often referred to as the Trust Protocol. Thematic investing is less about a company’s growth story, more about the underlying tectonic shifts which move markets.

Finding those chip makers that are enabling the continuation of our digital revolution, is really what sets thematic investors apart.

From chips to ships, the global supply chains appears heavily constricted for the foreseeable future.

However, by utilising blockchain technology, these ships are using chips (not McDonald’s variety) to help solve these issues and alleviate the pressure on the chain.

Far from being used solely by these ships, blockchain is alleviating supply chain pressures across an array of other segments the world over; from cross border trade, to food supply, and even to aviation.



Source: Bloomberg, dates from 23/6/2011 – 9/9/20211 Highlighted route is Shanghai to New York.

Important Information

This financial promotion is issued by First Trust Global Portfolios Management Limited (“FTGPM”) of Fitzwilliam Hall, Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 T292. FTGPM is authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland (“CBI”) (C185737). The Fund is also regulated by the CBI.

Nothing contained herein constitutes investment, legal, tax or other advice and it is not to be solely relied on in making an investment or other decision, nor does the document implicitly or explicitly recommend or suggest an investment strategy, reach conclusions in relation to an investment strategy for the reader, or provide any opinions as to the present or future value or price of any fund. It is not an invitation, offer, or solicitation to engage in any investment activity, including making an investment in a Fund, nor does the information, recommendations or opinions expressed herein constitute an offer for sale of a Fund.

1 WCI Composite Container Freight Benchmark Rate per 40 Foot Box. The World Container Index assessed by Drewry reports actual spot container freight rates for major East West trade routes, consisting of 8 route-specific indices representing individual shipping routes and a composite index. All indices are reported in USD per Forty Foot Container. The composite represents a weighted average of the 8 shipping routes by volume. Shipping routes include Shanghai - Rotterdam, Rotterdam - Shanghai, Shanghai - Genoa, Shanghai - Los Angeles, Los Angeles - Shanghai, Shanghai - New York, New York - Rotterdam, Rotterdam - New York. Market assessments report the value of agreed and used freight rates between major container lines and shippers or freight forwarders. The agreed freight rates are reported for dry cargo shipped under the category of Freight All Kinds (FAK).


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