Outdated to Optimised: Digitising the Grid


Q2 2023

9 June | 7 mins

Key takeaways

  • Learn why the current grid is ill-equipped for decentralised generation and renewable energy integration
  • Explore the benefits of a smart grid, including bidirectional energy flow and the shift from consumers to “prosumers”
  • Uncover the role of AI in optimising grid operations, reducing costs, and improving efficiency
  • Get insights from real-world examples of AI implementation in grid management
  • Find out how thematic investors can access the smart grid opportunity
As the world embraces an electrified future, one big hurdle is impeding progress: an aging and inadequate grid. As our reliance on electricity surges and renewable energy sources take centre stage, the limitations of the existing infrastructure are becoming painfully apparent. The current grid, built for another era, is ill-prepared to handle the complexities of decentralised generation, the integration of renewables, and our ever-increasing electricity consumption. With frequent outages becoming the norm and electricity demand expected to triple in the near future1, the need for a modernised and digital electrical grid is vital.

The majority of today’s electric grids were designed for simpler times, enabling one-way energy flow from coal-fired power stations to urban and industrial areas. The control mechanisms we rely on trace back to the workings of steam turbines. And a pressing challenge persists: maintaining a real-time balance between supply and demand to avoid disruptive blackouts caused by component trips. Meaning the grid is in a constant state of flux and needs ongoing supervision for a reliable power supply.

Renewable sources like solar and wind are poised to dominate our energy generation, but they come with further intermittency challenges. To integrate renewables effectively, the grid needs significant energy storage capacity. Not to mention, access to demand-management systems (DMS) to allow the grid to strategically reduce electricity demand at different times. All of this requires a transformation of the existing grid infrastructure, and to facilitate these essential capabilities, the grid needs to go digital.
EV sales, car, world chart

EV sales, car, world



The grid also needs to expand its capacity to accommodate the anticipated surge in electricity demand. As areas like transportation and heating, transition to electricity, the demand for power will skyrocket. This is already taking place and pushing the existing grid to its limits. A record breaking 10 million EVs were sold in 2022, that is set to increase 35% in 2023, and by 2030, the average share of total cars across Europe, Canada and the US is set to rise about 60%2. Experts predict that by 2050 the world will require four times the current electricity generation capacity3. The current grid requires a significant transformation to meet the escalating demand, and digitalisation is a key aspect of this evolution.

Smart Grids - Going Digital

The importance of digitising the electric grid cannot be overstated. The ‘smart grid’ promises to revolutionise the electricity network through advanced technologies, demand-side management, and seamless integration of renewables. By enabling bidirectional energy flow, it empowers individuals to actively participate in the energy ecosystem as "prosumers." Through data analytics, AI, and real-time monitoring, the smart grid can optimise energy allocation, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and enhance grid resilience. Digitising the grid also enables demand-side management (DSM) strategies which reduce energy consumption, alleviate grid congestion, and enable flexible demand response. The digitised smart grid enables innovations like smart meters, IoT devices, 5G communications, AI, blockchain-enabled energy trading networks and distributed networks, creating a decentralised and interconnected system, redefining the future of energy. Moreover, the advent of digital technologies brings forth an explosion of data, which can be harnessed to optimise grid operations and improve decision-making.

$1.1trn per annum until 2050, but AI can play a role

Digitising and upgrading the grid will require billions of dollars in investment from both the public and private sectors. Industry experts currently predict that $1.1 trillion needs to be spent on the grid annually until 2050 to meet net-zero commitments4. This is in addition to the cost of new generation capacity. This huge amount of investment is paramount to ensure the grid can effectively handle the increasing electricity demand and support the transition toward a more advanced and digitised grid infrastructure.

A vast amount of data is required to enable the grid to operate in a smart way - making sense of millions of variables such as weather, demand, location, generation, assets, and deciding where to generate power and cost per unit. This is where AI has the potential to revolutionise the grid. By incorporating AI into grid management, we unlock the potential for predictive analytics, proactive maintenance, and intelligent load balancing, thereby reducing operational costs and improving overall efficiency. We have identified companies at the forefront of the grid revolution that are already investing into an AI-powered future.


  • Enel built a machine learning algorithm to identify electricity theft and prioritise targets for field visits. Both of these ML projects were supported by C3.ai’s technology, which collects data from several sources, and provides much of the platform needed to develop the algorithms.
  • Iberdrola has made AI a central component of its digitalisation strategy, focusing on speech recognition in customer service, robotics, fraud detection, and predictive maintenance. Machine learning is also used in Iberdrola's solar PV plants for early detection of anomalies and automatic fault identification.
  • Schneider Electric launched an AI-based grid resilience tool with technology form one of its portfolio companies, AiDash in the US. The tool addresses Schneider's infrastructure and environmental challenges, such as aging power grids, decarbonisation and distributed power generation, and the impact of storms and wildfires.
  • Johnson Controls has developed the industry's first AI powered solution to optimise both sustainability and building management. The system also monitors energy impact, occupant comfort and space utilisation, combining data and reporting outputs to improve building operations.
  • As vehicles become more automated, Aptiv is using machine learning (a form of AI) to enable systems to identify objects and to better understand their environment with less data. This can optimise the path planning of the vehicle – solving for the best path given the surrounding constraints and variables.

“The simple fact is that AI adds huge value from both resiliency and cost-savings standpoints. We’ve seen tremendous results from AI implementation in our technology, so one can only imagine the impact it will have at grid-scale”

- Josiah Nelson, Chairman and CEO at Trolysis

Where might investors benefit?

The First Trust Nasdaq Clean Edge Smart Grid Infrastructure Index Fund (GRID) offers investors a compelling opportunity to participate in the modernization of energy infrastructure and capitalise on its growth potential. This thematic ETF specifically targets companies leading the grid transformation, addressing an underrepresented sector in broader market indices. By investing in GRID, investors gain access to the long-term growth prospects of the smart grid infrastructure sector.

1IEA. According to the IEA Global electricity demand in 2050 is over 75% higher in the STEPS than it is today, 120% higher in the APS and 150% higher in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario
2IEA
3Hitachi Energy
4Energy Transitions Commission


References to specific securities should not be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell and should not be assumed profitable.




"MAJOR DISTURBANCES AND UNUSUAL OCCURANCES" ON US GRID
2000 to 2021
Risks
The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and the value of shares in the Fund may fall. Neither First Trust Global Portfolios Management Limited (“FTGPM”) nor any of its affiliates, guarantees the performance or the future returns of the Fund. There is no assurance that the Index will continue to be calculated and published on the basis described in the Prospectus. In addition, the Fund's return may not match the return of the Index. The Fund invests significantly in smart grid companies, which can be negatively affected by factors such as high costs of research and development, high capital requirements for implementation, regulation by various governmental authorities, environmental damage due to a company’s operations or an accident, changes in market sentiment towards infrastructure and terrorist acts. See also the description of the risks applicable to the Fund in “Risk Factors” in the Prospectus.


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